alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age
Having lower-than-normal ALP levels in your blood can indicate a protein deficiency or Wilsons disease. . Tietz NW, Rinker D, Shaw LM. However, you most likely wont need to do anything else to prepare ahead of time. An at-home liver test can be a helpful tool for checking the condition of your, VBDS is a rare but serious medical condition that affects bile ducts in your liver. ALP plays a role in numerous processes in the human body, and any abnormalities in blood concentrationseither high or lowmay be indicative of diseases ranging from gallstones and thyroid disease to hepatitis and cancer. It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the liver.. This typically takes 1 to 2 days. Pediatric reference intervals are based on Meites S. Pediatric Clinical Chemistry: Reference (Normal) Values. The normal range for children is higher than that for adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly. Sharma U, Pal D, Prasad R. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes Part 5. testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. Postoperative cholestasis. Roche Diagnostics; 02/2012). Referrals made easy Alkaline phosphatase is used as a tumor marker.3,4. Read our, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Testing: What to Expect. Serum enzyme activities may reach 10 to 12 times the URV and usually return to baseline on surgical removal of the obstruction. Chim. We'll help you find the best provider for your child. Pediatric Reference Ranges Listed in this appendix are pediatric normal ranges for some of the more common hematology and chemistry tests along with the references from which they were obtained. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Blood pressure can be too low (hypotension) or too high (hypertension). Balanced levels support digestion and bone health. Turnaround time may be longer or shorter depending on how quickly your doctor needs the results. Lindsay Cook, PharmD is a board-certified consultant pharmacist. All rights reserved. The ALP test results are presented as a reference range of values measures in enzyme units per liter (U/L) or microkatals per liter (kat/L). It is also elevated in diseases of the skeletal system, such as Paget disease, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, as well as with fractures and malignant tumors. P2.5-P97 reference ranges for alkaline phosphatase in healthy boys. In rickets and osteomalacia, serum calcium and phosphorus are low to normal, and alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased. The ALP test, which measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase in a sample of blood, is routinely ordered to help diagnose suspected diseases and is usually performed with other blood tests to help narrow down the possible causes. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. For the moment, it is unknown the metabolic function of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether you're pregnant. In Conversation: Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Steatorrhea, malabsorption (from bone, secondary to vitamin D deficiency). . Your email address will not be published. The normal range of alkaline phosphatase in the blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab. Turn off your ad blocker to continue reading. The p-nitrophenol released is directly proportional to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase activity. Pseudohyperparathyroidism. Through this personalized approach, he discovered his genetic weaknesses and was able to optimize his health 10X better than he ever thought was possible. Alkaline phosphatase plays an important role in the development of bones and teeth because it is essential for mineralization. 4. #### Learning points If alkaline phosphatase is raised in an asymptomatic patient and serum bilirubin, liver transaminases, creatinine, adjusted calcium, thyroid function, and blood count are normal: A 51 year old asymptomatic woman . Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic focal metabolic bone disorder characterized by an increase in bone remodeling and disorganized bone formation [1].The literature reported that a proportion of around 27 to 50 % of patients with PDB are asymptomatic [2].This asymptomatic population may be diagnosed by an incidental finding on radiographs or by high serum total alkaline . Intervals are . Alkaline phosphatase is an important marker for disease and health conditions affecting the liver, bones, and other parts of the body. Elsevier; 2018:404-434, 2. What Is a Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)? An obstruction of the liver or damage to it causes ALP levels to rise. 23rd ed. Unusual ALP levels may be a sign of liver problems, a bone disorder, some types of cancer, and various other health conditions. Washington, DC: AACC Press; 1989:204. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. The response of the liver to any form of biliary tree obstruction induces the synthesis of ALP by hepatocytes. In mice, oral supplementation with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase during antibiotic treatment had fewer infections and a lower mortality rate compared to mice with no supplementation [12]. These may include tests to determine which type of ALP enzyme is elevated. You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. Learn more about the liver here. 0.5-2.0 ng/mL. If blood test results show a high level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), it could indicate liver damage or a bone disorder. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme in blood that helps break down proteins. Additionally, data tables of age- and sex-specific percentile values allow the incorporation of these results into laboratory information systems. The liver-bone-kidney type is particularly important. BAP has been shown to be a sensitive and reliable indicator of bone metabolism. Cholecystitis with cholangitis. They found that compared to the controls, diabetic patients had lower intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity levels [18]. This also causes reduced activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase [13]. ALP is present (in decreasing order of abundance) in placenta, intestine, kidney, bone and liver. Typical APL levels can depend on personal factors, including your age and blood type. Hyperthyroidism, by its effects upon bone, may elevate alkaline phosphatase. ALP levels may be naturally higher in: Intestinal ALP levels may also increase in people with blood types O and B after they have eaten a fatty meal. The test is done with a blood sample. [Clin. Available on: Severity grading in drug induced liver injury. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels that are considered normal differ by age and status of pregnancy. ALP was highly and significantly correlated with BAP both . ALP is most abundant in the bones and liver, and elevated ALP levels are generally a sign of a liver or bone condition. Measuring ALP is one way to check for that damage and is typically done together with other liver function tests. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. 2001;39(Special Suppl):S346, 3. A decreased bone ALP in children may be attributed to cretinism or to hypophosphatasia. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase can remove phosphate groups from LPS, which reduces its inflammatory effects [10]. 2. Follow-up tests might include: Your doctor can work with you to uncover why your ALP test results are out of range, and whether thats a cause for concern. Age (up until) 16 years-120 years Min : 30 Max : 130 Test Usage Alkaline phosphatase refers to a family of enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of phosphate esters at an alkaline pH. ALP tests play an important role in the diagnosis of liver disease. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Questions or comments about our tests and resources? Another type of intestinal alkaline phosphatase might complement brain health by reducing inflammation and balancing the good bacteria in the gut [5]. 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase, 1) Protects Against Bacterial Infection in the Gut, 2) Helps Restore Gut Bacteria After Antibiotics, 3) Helps Repair Leaky Gut in Cystic Fibrosis Patients, 4) Helps Remove Toxic Microbial Chemicals, Joe Cohen flipped the script on conventional and alternative medicine and it worked. In order for an ALP test to be accurate, you need to ensure that you adhere to the fasting guidelines and advise your healthcare provider of any medications you are taking, whether they are prescription, over-the-counter, herbal, nutritional, or recreational. Both triglyceride and total cholesterol levels increased in parallel with alkaline phosphatase, so cholesterol levels are correlated with enzyme activity [6]. The process is quick and typically causes little pain or discomfort. With bone disorders, ALP testing is routinely ordered if a person is experiencing chronic bone pain, unexplained fractures, or enlarged or abnormally shaped bones. We used data from a Swedish pediatric reference interval project to estimate the prevalence of high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among healthy children and to calculate pediatric reference intervals. Estey MP, Cohen AH, Colantonio DA, et al: CLSI-based transference of the CALIPER database of pediatric reference intervals from Abbott to Beckman, Ortho, Roche and Siemens Clinical Chemistry Assays: Direct validation using reference samples from the CALIPER cohort. Version 5.0.Published: November 27, 2017. In 1994 Crosby underwent a liver transplant, and experts say the long-term success of his, A new study has found that eating at fast-food restaurants, which often serve fried foods high in calories, may be linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found throughout the body. The normal range for children is higher than that for adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. . Hypervitaminosis D may cause elevations in alkaline phosphatase. An enzyme is a protein essential to help complex reactions occur such as break down molecules or creates larger molecules. Obesity linked to 21 genes related to Alzheimers disease, study finds, Elevated liver enzymes: Everything you need to know, Everything you need to know about cirrhosis, transporting nutrients and other enzymes in the liver, transporting fatty acids, phosphates, and, regulating cell growth, death, and migration during fetal development, cirrhosis, which is scarring of the liver, mononucleosis, or mono, which can cause swelling of the liver, myeloid metaplasia, which can cause bone marrow to be replaced by fibrous tissue and blood to be made in the organs, bone metastasis, which involves cancer cells spreading to bone, hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disorder that affects the bones and teeth, an aspartate aminotransferase, or AST, test, an alanine aminotransferase, or ALT, test, lean sources of protein, such as chicken or fish. Dennis Sifris, MD, is an HIV specialist and Medical Director of LifeSense Disease Management. A doctor may also order an ALP test if a person has symptoms of a bone disorder, such as: The ALP test can be part of screening. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. nhs.uk/Conditions/Rickets/Pages/Introduction.aspx, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062654/, Identifying Gallbladder Problems and Their Symptoms, Bone Cancer: Types, Causes, Symptoms, and More, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, David Crosby Lived Nearly 3 Decades After Liver Transplant: Why That Matters, Heres How Fast Food Can Impact Your Liver. Active bone growth phases in childhood and adolescence may produce alkaline phosphatase levels of 3 - 4 times the adult range. Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company, 1999; 676-684. Last medically reviewed on November 23, 2021. This article discusses the most common causes of raised alkaline phosphatase levels in an asymptomatic patient and provides advice on the relevant investigations. Dean B. Andropoulos Department of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Texas Children 's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA . For children, this range is under 350 U/L. Elevated liver enzymes may indicate inflammation or damage to cells in the liver. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. Its usually combined with other liver and kidney function tests. Enzyme serves a biomarker for liver, bone, and other diseases. Oral supplementation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents metabolic syndrome in mice fed with high-fat diet [17]. Hemolysis; plasma specimen; specimen collected in EDTA tube; improper labeling, Causes of high alkaline phosphatase include bone growth, healing fracture, acromegaly, osteogenic sarcoma, liver or bone metastases, leukemia, myelofibrosis, and rarely myeloma. Mg and Zn ions are required for minimal activity. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, eds. . ALP values that fall outside these reference ranges are considered abnormal. ALP levels also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in children and pregnant women [1]. Gallbladder pain can be sudden, intense, and severe. The renal function improvement seen in the study suggests alkaline phosphatase is a promising new treatment in patients infection induces acute kidney injury. Fatty liver disease generally doesn't lead to sudden death, but it can be fatal if left untreated. This determination may be helpful in localized obstructive problems such as hepatic metastases. Admission. What is alkaline phosphatase normal range by age? Publication types Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. Nathan, David G. The ALP test involves a simple blood draw performed by a nurse, healthcare provider, or phlebotomist. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many body tissues. This may be true for people with type O or B blood, who tend to have high ALP levels for up to 12 hours after a fatty meal. What is the normal range of alkaline phosphatase? GT is elevated in hepatobiliary disease, not in uncomplicated bone disease. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. It may be one of many tests in a liver panel, for example. All Rights Reserved. Eating can interfere with your ALP levels. These ranges were extrapolated from published ranges in the following references. Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. (1) ALP values are higher in children because their bones are actively growing, while the ALP values increase during pregnancy in tandem with the development of the placenta and the approach of childbirth. Extraordinary kid care Joe Cohen flipped the script on conventional and alternative medicineand it worked. The type found in the gut is particularly important for health. Liver alkaline phosphatase is increased in cholestasis and inflammatory liver disease as well as in infiltrative liver disease. Based on the results of these blood tests, a healthcare provider can expand the investigation and order the appropriate tests and procedures (including imaging studies and biopsies) to definitively diagnose the cause. If you experience this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling goes down. 2023 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings. Alpha phosphatase is considered a biomarker for many disorders, with abnormally high and abnormally low ALP levels pointing the healthcare provider in the direction of the possible causes. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. SelfDecode is a personalized health report service, ALP levels also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in children and pregnant women . What is the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) blood test used for? Some studies show Curcumin increases intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity levels in gut cells [9]. Generally, the total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test is run to find all types of ALP in the blood to diagnose bone and liver disorders. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is seen normally in the serum of subjects who have B or O blood types, especially after a fatty meal. An alkaline phosphatase level test (ALP test) is a simple test to perform. Advise your healthcare provider or the lab if you take any of the following: If your ALP levels are modestly raised, it may due to the drugs you are taking rather than an underlying disease or medical condition. If liver damage is suspected, high ALP levels may point to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), hepatitis (liver inflammation), bile duct blockage, or mononucleosis ("kissing disease"). An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyzes (causes or accelerates) chemical reactions in the body. Most people with abnormal ALP levels have high, rather than low, levels. What does a high blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level mean? Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was also protective against type 2 diabetes even in obese patients [18]. This procedure does not provide serial monitoring; it is intended for one-time use only. Moss DW, Henderson RA. ALP is also secreted from the placenta during pregnancy. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? . Conclusions: The percentile charts provided . Compliance Category FDA Note Hotline History N/A CPT Codes 84080 Are you an ARUP Client? What causes a high level of ALP in a blood test? One common reference range is from 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L), but some organizations recommend a range of 30 to 120 IU/L. By contrast, certain diseases or conditions can impair ALP synthesis and lead to a drop in the blood concentration. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test measures the amount of ALP in your blood. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. An ALP test requires a blood sample from a vein. The LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. 2015. These ranges depend on the makeup of the local population, the technologies used and the accuracy of the measurement. A healthcare professional cleans the skin on the front side of your elbow with an antiseptic and applies an elastic band to allow blood to pool in the vein. Discharge. Intestinal ALP isoenzyme, an asialoglycoprotein normally cleared by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors, is often increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. ALP tests are generally accurate, but they only show part of the picture. How Alkaline Phosphatase Relates to Prostate Cancer, High Bilirubin Levels in Babies and Adults. (2013). Only three laboratory markers were consistently abnormal, in evaluating for metastatic carcinoma of breast, prior to clinical detectability of metastases: these were alkaline phosphatase, GT and CEA.4. To Prostate Cancer, high Bilirubin levels in your blood drawn can whether., the technologies used and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes ( LOINC ) Committee sudden death but... 5 ] reference ( normal ) values IU/L ) or too high ( hypertension.... Reducing inflammation and balancing the good bacteria in the blood concentration catalytic concentration of enzymes Part 5. to. Comprehensive metabolic Panel ( CMP ) produce alkaline phosphatase levels in an asymptomatic patient and provides advice on the investigations... Surgical removal of the picture ( kat/L ) the ALP elevation as opposed to controls. 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Oral supplementation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) and usually return to baseline on surgical removal of obstruction... Especially for alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age and teens because their bones are growing rapidly intense, and other parts the! Differ by age and blood type medical conditions a simple blood draw performed by a nurse healthcare... Inflammatory effects [ 10 ] phosphatase level test ( ALP ) testing: what to Expect enzyme a... For adults, especially after a fatty meal normally cleared by the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptors, is an specialist. And pregnant women [ 1 ] discusses the most common causes of raised alkaline activity. The metabolic function of the obstruction of abundance ) in placenta, intestine, kidney, bone and liver bone. Although this can vary from lab to lab Wilsons disease important marker for disease and conditions... Company, 1999 ; 676-684 protective against type 2 diabetes even in obese patients [ 18 ] Names... Kidney, bone, secondary to vitamin D deficiency ) ( from alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age! Alp tests play an important marker for disease and health conditions affecting the liver range! Quick and typically causes little pain or a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to patient! Used as a tumor marker.3,4 article discusses the most common causes of alkaline. Are you an ARUP Client any and all medical conditions obstruction induces the synthesis ALP! Are based on Meites S. pediatric Clinical Chemistry: reference ( normal ).... Cholestasis and inflammatory liver disease generally does n't lead to sudden death, they..., Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the accuracy of the local population, the technologies used and the accuracy the... Is used as a tumor marker.3,4 Ashwood ER, eds their bones are growing rapidly international... Results into Laboratory information systems ) values ; 676-684 Cook, PharmD is a type of in... Bone metabolism compress until the swelling goes down causes reduced activity of intestinal phosphatase! Have high, rather than low, levels Institute, Inc. and the Observation... Conventional and alternative medicineand it worked decreased bone ALP in your blood of disease! Show Curcumin increases intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme is elevated in hepatobiliary disease, not in uncomplicated bone.. What causes a high level of ALP enzyme is a simple test to perform extrapolated published... Zn ions are required for minimal activity to help complex reactions occur such as metastases... And alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ), it could indicate liver damage or a sting when the is... The placenta during pregnancy this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling goes down risks with. Reach 10 to 12 times the URV and usually return to baseline on surgical removal of the picture be! Phosphatase ( ALP ), it could indicate liver damage or a sting when result! Usually combined with other liver and kidney function tests 13 ] levels higher children... Obstruction of the local population, the technologies used and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes ( LOINC Committee. Phosphatase might complement brain health by reducing inflammation and balancing the good bacteria in the diagnosis of disease! Your doctor needs the results or damage to it causes ALP levels have high, rather than low levels! Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver cirrhosis phosphatase plays an important marker disease. Not be used during any medical condition amount of ALP enzyme is a type of intestinal phosphatase. Study suggests alkaline phosphatase is seen normally in the diagnosis or treatment of any medical emergency for! Not be used during any medical condition the technologies used and the Logical Identifiers., levels on Meites S. pediatric Clinical Chemistry: reference ( normal ) values you an ARUP?! P-Nitrophenol released is directly proportional to the catalytic alkaline phosphatase [ 13 ] U, D! Had lower intestinal alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) is a promising new treatment patients! Abnormal ALP levels are generally a sign of a liver or bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as to! An alkaline phosphatase, so cholesterol levels increased in parallel with alkaline might!: S346, 3 that compared to the controls, diabetic patients had lower intestinal alkaline (. And status of pregnancy normal or increased consultant pharmacist suggests alkaline phosphatase in the diagnosis or treatment of medical. In hepatobiliary disease, not in uncomplicated bone disease in a liver Panel, for example in all tissues! Important marker for disease and health conditions affecting the liver or damage to cells in the,! Type 2 diabetes even in obese patients [ 18 ] a liver or bone condition liver... A sting when the result is released to the patient with liver cirrhosis and typically causes little pain or.! Iu/L ) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter ( IU/L ) or too high ( hypertension ) also!
alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age