1 maccabees summary shmoop
His purpose in writing is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62)especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. And they tore in pieces the books of the law which they found, and set them on fire. [ a] 2 He had five sons: John, who was called Gaddi; 3 Simon, who was called Thassi; 4 Judas, who was called Maccabeus; 5 Eleazar, who was called Avaran; and Jonathan, who was called . Ptolemy supposedly threatened the Jews with loss of citizenship after Palestinian Jews refused to permit him to enter the sanctuary of the Temple of Jerusalem. The narrative reports that news of the desolation reaches Mattathias and his five sons, a priestly family who live in Modein. Some Jews went along with the changes. But they did not belong to the family of those men through whom deliverance was given to Israel. And they led captive the women and the children, and the cattle they took in possession. INTRODUCING MATTATHIAS. Mattathias proclaimed a holy war; Jewish armed resistance operated from the wilderness with great success under the successive leadership of three of Mattathias sonsJudas Maccabeus, the undisputed leader of the Jews (3:1-9); Jonathan (9:28-12:53), and Simon (chap. In fact, it is "a thoroughgoing pro-Hasmonean . Many scholars suggest that these Church Fathers may have had access to a Biblical Aramaic paraphrase of the workmost Christians writers of the time did not distinguish between Hebrew and Aramaic. VERSE 40. Editor's note: The following homily delivered by the Reverend Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Ph.D, S.T.D., on 1 August 2017, commemoration of the Holy Maccabees (Extraordinary Form) at the Church of . The Book: 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which was written by a Jewish (pre-Christian) author, probably about 100 BC, after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom. VERSE 12. Pope Damasus I's Council of Rome in 382, if the Gelasian Decree is correctly associated with it, issued a biblical canon identical with the list given at Trent including the two books of Maccabees. In 285 he abdicated in favor of his son Ptolemy II, who became involved in a struggle with the Seleucid kings. VERSE 19. [41] The book dismisses a defeat suffered by other commanders named Joseph and Azariah as because "they did not listen to Judas and his brothers. VERSE 2. VERSE 51. ", The Church Father Origen relates that the title of the Hebrew original was Sarbeth Sarbanael, translated either as "the Book of the Prince of the House of Israel" or "the Book of the Dynasty of God's resisters.". This work no longer exists, but is the basis for 2 Maccabees.) By the end of the war, Simon was the only one of the five sons of Mattathias to survive and he ushered in an 80-year period of Jewish . Simon is succeeded by his third son, John Hyrcanus, whose two elder brothers, Mattathias and Judah, had been murdered, together with their father. It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish law, resulting in the Maccabean Revolt. 3 He advanced to the ends of the earth and . (He had previously become king of Greece.) That is, each nation should abandon its religious customs. for the first and 124 B.C. [27], In chapter 8, Judas seeks an alliance with the Roman Republic, aiming to remove the Greeks. [28] Verses 2332 record an agreement between Rome and the nation of the Jews, whereby each party would act as a willing ally of the other and refuse to supply their enemies in time of war, specific warning being given to Demetrius I Soter that this pact would be activated against him if requested by the Jews. They are Jewish people who do not observe the Law. Updates? The surviving Greek script has Hebraisms and Hebrew idioms. And when he had taken all, he went away into his own land, and he made a great slaughter, and spoke very presumptuously. Finally, after Matthathias dies, his son Judas succeeds in liberating the Temple precincts and reconsecrating the Temple itself in 165 B.C.E. And after these things he fell sick, and perceived that he should die. 64 My children, be courageous and grow strong in the law, for by it you will gain honour. It possibly was written during the reign of the Roman emperor Caligula (3741 ce). The doctrine expressed in the book is the customary belief of Israel, without the new developments which appear in 2Maccabees and Daniel. It was portrayed as a center of athletic and intellectual life. And the women that had circumcised their children they put to death according to the commandment. And after two full years the king sent a chief collector of tribute to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a great multitude. 2 Maccabees, instead of covering later years, shines a microscope on the first fifteen years of the same period, drawing its own lessons (which I . The author exhibits a personal interest in the events, but presents them as accurately as possible given his own commitment to the Maccabean dynasty as instituted by God. 25) gives testimony to the existence of an original Hebrew text. There is one complete loss of a thousand Jews (men, women, and children) to Antiochus when the Jewish defenders refuse to fight on the Sabbath. [44] That said, our knowledge of the Sadducees is scant, so it is difficult to know for sure. were recognized by the Fathers as inspired, there is an interim stage where souls are purified. Both books, which Protestants regard as apocryphal, were recognized by the Fathers as inspired [and canonical at the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397, 419)] and were later [again] defined as canonical by the Council of Trent (1546). The doctrine expressed in the book reflects traditional Jewish teaching, without later doctrines found, for example, in 2 Maccabees. In the town of Modein, the priest Mattathias finds the situation intolerable. In the Church of England's lectionary of 1922 in the Book of Common Prayer, 1st Maccabees is appointed annually to be read in late summer/early autumn. It is considered one of the most accurate accounts of Jewish history for the period which it covers. VERSE 64. In this connection it gives a very moving account of the martyrdom of seven brothers, whose names are unknown but who are popularly called the Maccabees (2 Mac 7:1 ff). His brother Simon succeeds him in 142 B.C.E., receiving the double office of high priest and ruler of Israel (1 Maccabees 14:41). There are seven poetic sections in the book that imitate the style of classical Hebrew poetry: four laments (1:2528, 3640; 2:713; 3:45), and three hymns of praise of our fathers (2:5164), of Judas (3:39), and of Simon (14:415). Nothing is known about the author of 1 Maccabees other than that the attention to detail and knowledge of events suggests that he was an eye witness or had access to eyewitness accounts. The Maccabees then ruled over Israel, first as High Priests and then as High Priests and Princes of Israel. It describes the refusal of Mattathias to perform pagan religious rites, the ensuing Jewish revolt against Syrian hegemony, the political machinations whereby Demetrius II of Syria granted Judaea its independence, and the election of Simon as both high priest and secular ruler of the Judaean Jews. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Jonathan is eventually captured by the Seleucid Greek ruler Diodotus Tryphon. Its vocabulary and style indicate a Greek original. The words "God" and "Lord" never occur in the text, always being replaced by "Heaven" or "He.". III Maccabees has no relation to the other three books of Maccabees, all of which deal with the revolt of Judaea against Antiochus IV Epiphanes. More recent English language versions of the Bible which contain 1 Maccabees include the New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), Good News Translation (GNT), New American Bible, Revised Edition (NABRE). Jonathan's capture in 143 BC, having been double-crossed by Diodotus Tryphon, is recorded in 1 Maccabees 12:48. However, the original has been lost and the version which comes down to us is the Septuagint. 17 And he wrote letters, and sent them to him, according to these words, saying, 18 King Alexander to his brother Jonathan, greeting: 19 We have heard of you, that you are a mighty man of valour, and meet to be our See 1 Maccabees 2:18. It promotes commitment to Gods covenant as the path to prosperity, and the doctrine of the resurrection of the body. He also forbids circumcision and possession of Jewish scriptures, imposing the death penalty for those who disobey. VERSE 27. He also requires Jewish leaders to sacrifice to idols. 1 and 2 Maccabees are stories that reflect on oppression and resistance. Greece. He claims to have used and condensed a five-volume work by someone called Jason of Cyrene (which no longer exists) and appears to have introduced theological reflections onto the events as he went. In any case, the name later came to be used for Judah's brothers as as a family name, as well as to each of the books of "Maccabee. 1 Maccabees was probably written in Jerusalem, but 3 and 4 Maccabees derive from the diaspora. The following is a brief analysis of 1 Maccabees: (1) 1 Maccabees 1:1-10: An account of the rise of the Seleucid Dynasty. (2) 1 Maccabees 1:11-16:24: History of the Jews from 175 to 135 BC. And they stored up arms and food, and gathering together the spoils of Jerusalem, they laid them up there, and they became a sore snare: VERSE 36. and it became a place to lie in wait in against the sanctuary, and an evil adversary to Israel continually. That said, the author is still proud of forging alliances with others, citing negotiations with the Roman Republic and Sparta. 1 Maccabees. an abomination of desolation. The king will require Jews to reject their Covenant with the One God. Christian tradition venerates these seven brothers as martyrs, and churches were dedicated to them in Antioch, Rome, Lyons, and Vienne. 1 After Alexander son of Philip, the Macedonian, who came from the land of Kittim, had defeateda King Darius of the Persians and the Medes, he succeeded him as king. came there forth out of Israel. Modin. The relationship between Jonathan and Demetrius' son and successor, Demetrius II Nicator, is covered in chapter 11: Jonathan provides military support to Demetrius at the latter's request (verse 44), and a successful engagement against a popular revolt at Antioch enables the Jews to "gain glory in the sight of the king" (verse 51). Do a bit of research on Hanukkah and talk what you have learnt about this very important Jewish festival. 1:9 And after his death they all put crowns upon themselves; so did their sons after them many years: and evils were multiplied in the earth. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article [50] He also cites the fact that it makes various "admissions against interest" such as openly describing rebel military defeats, unlike 2 Maccabees which obscures or omits such matters. Look out for the similarities and differences between the two. 2 He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. The name Maccabee, probably meaning hammer, is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1Mc 2:4, 66; 2Mc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16). It also asserts the resurrection of the just and tells us what we need to know about the fate of the unjust (7:9, 14,23,29; 14:46). Look out for what you might learn about the Judaism of the period from the story. Another explanation concerns the different origins of the books. The author is anonymous, but he probably wrote in the newly independent Hasmonean kingdom after the success of the Maccabean Revolt in the late 2nd century BC. A Greek version of the text was printed for the first time in 15141517 in the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. The early Seleucid rulers were tolerant of the political and religious cultures of the territories they controlled, but things changed when Antiochus IV Epiphanes came to power, and the scene in Palestine became one of persecution and war. VERSE 52. These include four laments and three hymns of praise. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Antiochus makes Judaism illegal. [47] No angels or miracles come to save the Jews; rather, it is the divinely-approved firm leadership of the Hasmoneans that leads to victory.[9]. From the time of Alexander onward Greek culture spread throughout the Middle East. 1:9). Matthew 24:15. 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . 1 In those days Mattathias, son of John, son of Simeon, a priest of the family of Joarib, left Jerusalem and settled in Modein. George Leo Haydock. (He had previously become king of Greece.) 1.12.70 The rise of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and subsequent crisis3.19.22 The leadership of Judas Maccabeus in the revolt against the Greeks9.2312.53 The leadership of Jonathan (Judas brother)13.116.24 The leadership and subsequent assignation of Simon (also a brother of Judas), 1.12.32 Letters from Jews in Jerusalem to those in Egypt3.16.31 The conquest of Jerusalem by Antiochus IV Epiphanes7.1-42 The torture and murder of seven brothers and their mother8.19.29 The victory of Judas Maccabeus over the Greeks10.1-38 The purification of the Temple11.115.39 Ongoing conflict and the eventual victory of Judas. From 175 to 135 BC this work no longer exists, but is the basis for 2.. Jews to reject their covenant with the Roman Republic, aiming to the! People who do not observe the law became involved in a struggle with the Seleucid kings knowledge. Roman Republic, aiming to remove the Greeks has Hebraisms and Hebrew.... 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1 maccabees summary shmoop